Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *nē-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: what

Russian meaning: что

Old Turkic: ne (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ne (MK, KB)

Turkish: ne, neme

Tatar: ni, nɛrsɛ

Middle Turkic: ne (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: ne

Uighur: nä

Sary-Yughur: ni

Azerbaidzhan: nä

Turkmen: nǟ, nǟmä

Khakassian: nime, ni; nō `which' (*ne-gu)

Shor: nebe `thing', nō `what' (*ne-gu)

Oyrat: ne, neme

Halaj: ne

Chuvash: mǝʷn (metathesis < *ne-me)

Yakut: tuox (*suox < *če-gu+ok?)

Dolgan: tuok

Tuva: čǖ (*če-gü), čüve (*čegü-me)

Tofalar: čǖ, čüme

Kirghiz: ne, neme

Kazakh: ne

Noghai: ne

Bashkir: ni, nämä

Balkar: ne

Gagauz: ne

Karaim: ne

Karakalpak: ne, neme

Salar: ne

Kumyk: ne, neme

Comments: The earliest PT form must have contained a unique initial nasal (generally nasals were not allowed word-initially), having yielded specific reflexes in modern languages. See VEWT 352, EDT 774-5, Stachowski 230-231, ЭСТЯ 7, Федотов 1, 356.

Proto-Turkic: *-ŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: an ending of the 2d person

Russian meaning: окончание 2-го л.

Old Turkic: -ŋ (Orkh., OUygh.), -ɣ (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: -ŋ (MK, KB)

Turkish: -n

Tatar: -ŋ

Middle Turkic: -ŋ

Uzbek: -ŋ

Uighur: -ŋ

Sary-Yughur: -ŋ

Azerbaidzhan: -n

Turkmen: -ŋ

Khakassian: -ŋ

Shor: -ŋ

Oyrat: -ŋ

Halaj: -ŋ

Chuvash: -n

Yakut: -ŋ

Dolgan: -ŋ

Tuva: -ŋ

Kirghiz: -ŋ

Kazakh: -ŋ

Noghai: -ŋ

Bashkir: -ŋ

Balkar: -ŋ

Gagauz: -n

Karaim: -n, -j

Karakalpak: -ŋ

Salar: -ŋ

Kumyk: -ŋ

Comments: Морфология 23-26, 28, 32.

Proto-Turkic: *ob-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to crush, mince, grind

Russian meaning: давить, крошить, молоть, измельчать

Karakhanid: uv- (ov-) (MK, KB)

Turkish: ov-, oɣ-

Tatar: u(w)-

Uighur: uva-

Sary-Yughur: uɣ-

Azerbaidzhan: ov-

Turkmen: ov-

Khakassian: uɣ-

Halaj: hu_v- 'rub'

Chuvash: ъʷv- 'grind'

Yakut: ub-ax

Tuva: ū-

Bashkir: ɨw-

Balkar: uw-

Gagauz: ū-

Karaim: uw-

Kumyk: uw-

Comments: VEWT 510, ЭСТЯ 1, 401-403, 560-561, EDT 4-5.

Proto-Turkic: *oba

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: cavity, valley

Russian meaning: впадина, долина

Turkish: ova

Uzbek: uwa

Uighur: ova

Azerbaidzhan: ova

Tuva: howu

Gagauz: uva

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 403.

Proto-Turkic: *o(bɨ)l-duruk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: milt, roe

Russian meaning: молоки, икра

Turkish: oɣulduruk 'womb, ovary'

Tatar: uwuldɨq

Middle Turkic: oɣulduruq (R - ShS)

Uzbek: ɔvuldɨrɨq (dial.)

Turkmen: ovulduruq

Chuvash: vǝʷlǯǝʷ

Kirghiz: ulduruq

Kazakh: ulduruq, üldürük

Bashkir: ɨwɨldɨrɨq (dial.)

Comments: VEWT 358. Usually derived from *ogul 'son', which is rather dubious for external reasons. See Мудрак Дисс. 146. Дыбо 156.

Proto-Turkic: *obu-ra- / *obu-n-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to wear out (intr.), decay 2 to cease, stop 3 to tire 4 to be destroyed

Russian meaning: 1 изнашиваться, стареть 2 прекращаться 3 уставать 4 развалиться, разрушиться

Tatar: uwa-l-, wa-l- 1, 3, 4 (dial., ТТДС 112, 451)

Khakassian: ūra- 1

Oyrat: ūra- 1

Chuvash: ɨvъn- 3

Yakut: ūraj- 2

Kirghiz: ura- 4

Comments: VEWT 356, 515. Kalm. ōr- 'to fall apart, become spoiled' may be < Turkic, but the immediate source is unclear (Tat.?). The Chuv. form may be a dialectal variant of ɨlъn-, see Егоров 342, Федотов 2, 468.

Proto-Turkic: *od-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 awake 2 to wake up (intr.) 3 to wake up (trans.)

Russian meaning: 1 бодрствующий 2 просыпаться 3 будить

Old Turkic: oduɣ 1, odun- 2, odɣur- 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: oδuɣ 1, oδun- 2, oδɣur- 3 (MK)

Turkish: ujan- 2, (dial.) ujar- 3

Tatar: ujan- 2

Middle Turkic: ujan- 2, ujat- 3 (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: ujɣɔn- 2

Uighur: o(j)ɣan- 2

Sary-Yughur: ozɣan- 2

Azerbaidzhan: ojan- 2

Turkmen: ojan- 2, ojar- 3

Khakassian: usxun- 2, usxur- 3

Oyrat: ojɣon-, ujɣun- 2, ujɣus 3

Chuvash: vъʷran- 2, vъʷrat- 3

Tuva: odun- 2

Kirghiz: ojɣon- 2

Kazakh: ojan- 2, ojat- 3

Noghai: ujan- 2, ujat- 3

Bashkir: ujan- 2

Balkar: ujan- 2, ujat- 3

Gagauz: ujan- 2

Karaim: ojan-, ujan- 2, ojat- 3

Karakalpak: ojan- 2, ojat- 3

Kumyk: ujan- 2, ujat- 3

Comments: EDT 47, 48, 62, VEWT 357, ЭСТЯ 1, 430-432.

Proto-Turkic: *ograk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mountain goat

Russian meaning: горный козел

Karakhanid: oɣraq (IM)

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 405. Most Turkic languages reflect PT *oglak 'kid, goat' - possibly a merger of *ograk with *ogul 'son' (v. sub *i̯uga).

Proto-Turkic: *ogrɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: thief

Russian meaning: вор

Old Turkic: oɣrɨ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: oɣrɨ (MK)

Turkish: uuru

Middle Turkic: oɣrɨ (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ọɣri

Uighur: oɣri, oɣur

Sary-Yughur: oɣur

Azerbaidzhan: oɣru

Turkmen: oɣrɨ

Khakassian: oɣɨr

Shor: oɣrɨ

Oyrat: ūr

Chuvash: vъʷrъʷ

Yakut: uor- 'to steal'

Dolgan: uor- 'to steal'

Tuva: ōr

Tofalar: ō̃rɨ

Kirghiz: ūru

Kazakh: ŭrɨ

Karaim: oɣrɨ

Karakalpak: urɨ

Salar: oɣrɨ

Kumyk: oru, uru

Comments: EDT 90, ЭСТЯ 1, 412-414, TMN 2, 77-78, Stachowski 244. Turk. > Mong. *oɣurčak, see Щербак 1997, 164; Hung. or, orv 'mischievous', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *ogul

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: son

Russian meaning: сын

Old Turkic: oɣul (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: oɣul (MK)

Turkish: oul

Tatar: ŭl

Middle Turkic: oɣul (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ọɣil

Uighur: oɣul

Sary-Yughur: oɣul

Azerbaidzhan: oɣul

Turkmen: oɣul

Khakassian: oɣɨl, ōl

Oyrat: ōl, ūl

Chuvash: ɨvъl

Yakut: uol

Dolgan: uol

Tuva: ōl

Tofalar: ōl

Kirghiz: ūl

Kazakh: ŭl

Noghai: uwɨl

Bashkir: ŭl

Gagauz: ōl

Karaim: ovul

Karakalpak: ul

Comments: EDT 83-84, VEWT 358, TMN 2, 81, ЭСТЯ 1, 411-412, 414-417, Лексика 313-314, 323, 429-430, Егоров 341, Stachowski 243-244. Derived are: *oguĺ 'kin, generation', *oglak 'kid' (ЭСТЯ 1, 404-405) etc. (ibid.)

Proto-Turkic: *oj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 play 2 to play 3 to jump

Russian meaning: 1 игра 2 играть 3 прыгать

Old Turkic: ojun 1, ojna- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ojun 1, ojna- 2 (MK)

Turkish: ojun 1, ojna- 2

Tatar: ujɨn 1, ujna- 2

Uzbek: ọjin 1, ọjna- 2

Uighur: ojun, ojan 1, ojni- 2

Sary-Yughur: oin, ujin 1

Azerbaidzhan: ojun 1, ojna- 2

Turkmen: ojun 1, ojna- 2

Khakassian: ojɨn 1, ojna- 2

Shor: oin 1

Oyrat: ojɨn 1, ojno- 2

Chuvash: vъʷjъʷ 1

Yakut: ōnńū 1, ōnńō- 2, oj- 3

Dolgan: oj- 3, ōnńō- 2

Tuva: ojun 1, ojna- 2

Kirghiz: ojun 1, ojno- 2

Kazakh: ojɨn 1, ojna- 2

Noghai: ojɨn 1

Bashkir: ujɨn 1, ujna- 2

Balkar: ojun 1, ojna- 2

Gagauz: ojun 1, ojna- 2

Karaim: ojun 1, ojna- 2

Karakalpak: ojɨn 1, ojna- 2

Kumyk: ojun 1, ojna- 2

Comments: EDT 274, 275, ЭСТЯ 1, 435-436, Stachowski 190, 198. The verb also has sexual connotations, preserved in Kirgh., Oyr., Bashk. and Yak. (where it also means 'to flirt, be in love') and in the common Turkic derivative *ojnaĺ 'lover' (see ЭСТЯ ibid.) - important for establishing external connections.

Proto-Turkic: *ojma

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 felt out of which boots are made 2 leather or skin bag

Russian meaning: 1 войлок для сапог 2 кожаный мешок

Karakhanid: ojma (MK)

Middle Turkic: ojma (Sangl.)

Comments: EDT 273 (but derivation from Uj- 'squeeze', supported also by Clark 1977, 159, is highly dubious because of external parallels).

Proto-Turkic: *ok

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: arrow

Russian meaning: стрела

Old Turkic: oq (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: oq (MK, KB)

Turkish: ok

Tatar: uq

Middle Turkic: oq

Uzbek: ụq

Uighur: oq

Sary-Yughur: oq

Azerbaidzhan: oχ

Turkmen: oq

Khakassian: ux

Shor: oq

Oyrat: oq

Chuvash: oɣъ

Yakut: ox

Tuva: o'q

Kirghiz: oq

Kazakh: oq

Noghai: oq

Bashkir: uq

Balkar: oq

Gagauz: oq

Karaim: oq

Karakalpak: oq

Kumyk: oq

Comments: VEWT 389, ЭСТЯ 1, 437-438, TMN 2, 153, Лексика 577, Федотов 2, 296. Cf. also Turk. *oklagu 'rolling pin' (ЭСТЯ 1, 441-442), Khal. họqlaɣo_ (derived from ok-la- 'to roll' (R 1 1000, Chag.), a denominative from ok 'wheel axle' in the Oghuz and Qarluq groups).

Proto-Turkic: *oka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: gimp

Russian meaning: позумент

Tatar: uqa

Kirghiz: oqo

Kazakh: oqa

Noghai: oqa

Bashkir: uqa

Balkar: oqa

Karakalpak: oqa

Comments: VEWT 460. A local Kypchak word.

Proto-Turkic: *okɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to call, read, recite

Russian meaning: звать, читать, декламировать

Old Turkic: oqɨ- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: oqɨ- (MK)

Turkish: oku-

Tatar: uqɨ-

Middle Turkic: oqɨ- (AH), oqu- (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ọqi-

Uighur: oqu-

Azerbaidzhan: oxu-

Turkmen: oqa-

Halaj: họqu-

Yakut: oguj-, uguj-

Kirghiz: oqu-

Kazakh: oqɨ-

Noghai: oqɨ-

Bashkir: uqɨ-

Balkar: oqu-

Gagauz: oqu-

Karaim: oxɨ-, oqu-, oxu-

Karakalpak: oqɨ-

Kumyk: oxu-

Comments: EDT 79, VEWT 359, ЭСТЯ 1, 439-441.

Proto-Turkic: *okra

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 pimple, pustule 2 disease of cattle

Russian meaning: 1 прыщ 2 болезнь скота

Tatar: uqra 2

Middle Turkic: oqra (Буд.) 1

Kazakh: oqra 1

Bashkir: uqra 'овод бычачий'

Comments: VEWT 360.

Proto-Turkic: *o(-l)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: that

Russian meaning: тот

Old Turkic: o-l (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: o-l (MK)

Turkish: o

Tatar: u-l

Middle Turkic: o-l (AH)

Uzbek: ụ

Uighur: u

Sary-Yughur: o-l, o

Azerbaidzhan: o

Turkmen: ol

Khakassian: ol

Oyrat: o-l

Halaj: ọ̄, o̯, ụọ̄́-ra

Chuvash: vъʷ-l

Yakut: ol

Dolgan: ol

Tuva: ol

Tofalar: ol

Kirghiz: o-šo

Kazakh: o-l

Noghai: o-l

Bashkir: o-šo, u

Balkar: o-l

Gagauz: o

Karaim: o

Karakalpak: o-l, u-sɨ 'this'

Salar: u

Kumyk: o-l

Comments: VEWT 360, ЭСТЯ 1, 444-445, 456, 492-494, TMN 2, 93, EDT 123-4, Stachowski 191. The form o is attested later than ol, but it certainly does not mean that it was absent in PT (despite Clauson).

Proto-Turkic: *(o)-ĺ

Meaning: here, this (deictic particle)

Russian meaning: вот, это (дейктическая частица)

Turkish: šu

Tatar: šu-l

Chuvash: śa-

Kazakh: so-l

Noghai: so-l

Bashkir: šu-l

Karakalpak: so-l

Comments: VEWT 366, EDT 254-5.

Proto-Turkic: *ol-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 skilless, talentless, careless 2 simple

Russian meaning: 1 неумелый, небрежный 2 простой

Karakhanid: ulɨn- 'to be bewildered' (MK)

Azerbaidzhan: olmaja 'an expression of warning, bewilderment'

Khakassian: olaŋaj 2

Chuvash: vъʷli-žali 1

Yakut: oloj- 'to make a stupid face'

Tuva: olutpaj 'lazy'

Kirghiz: oldoqson 1, oloq, oloɣoj 'one-eyed'

Kazakh: olaq 1

Comments: VEWT 360, ДТС 609 (EDT 149 only quotes OT ulɨn- 'to be twisted' which is probably a different root).

Proto-Turkic: *oĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of plant

Russian meaning: вид растения

Khakassian: ozɨj 'волчье лыко'

Shor: ozɨj 'волчье лыко' (Kond.), ɨzɨ 'чернотал' (Mras.)

Chuvash: vǝʷldǝʷren 'nettle'